Loch Ness Monster ‘might be real’ say scientists after DNA testing of water samples
Otago University scientist Neil Gemmell from New Zealand takes environmental DNA samples from Loch Ness (Picture: SWNS)
Researchers made the claim after examining water samples from Loch Ness in Scotland.
They travelled the length of the loch on research vessel Deepscan taking water samples from three different depths.
The scientists collected DNA left by creatures in the loch from their skin, scales, feathers, fur and faeces.
The DNA samples were then sent to labs in New Zealand, Australia, Denmark and France to be analysed for the final findings.
Professor Neil Gemmell of the University of Otago, New Zealand, who led the study, said the results are “surprising”.
He says his team tested the data against most of the main theories about the Loch Ness Monster.
Have a team of scientists discovered proof the Loch Ness Monster exists? (Picture: PA)
Professor Gemmell said that while the full details will be released at a later stage, one of the theories “might” be correct.
One theory is that the monster is a long-necked plesiosaur that somehow survived the period when dinosaurs became extinct, or it is a sturgeon or giant catfish.
Professor Gemmell said he hoped to announce the full findings of the study in Scotland next month - but would not confirm which hypothesis might be right.
He said: "Is there anything deeply mysterious? It depends what you believe. Is there anything startling? There are a few things that are a bit surprising.
"What we'll have achieved is what we set out to do, which is document the biodiversity of Loch Ness in June 2018 in some level of detail.
"We've tested each one of the main monster hypotheses and three of them we can probably say aren't right and one of them might be."
Hundreds of thousands of visitors flock to Loch Ness every year to try and catch a glimpse of the mythical monster.
Nessie is worth millions of pounds to the Scottish economy - and tourist bosses previously said they are "eagerly anticipating" the results.
Mr Gemmell, left, and researcher Dr Adrian Shine of the Loch Ness Centre examine the samples (Picture: SWNS)
Announcing the study last year, Professor Gemmell said: "Scotland is dear to my heart because my mother and her family are Scottish, I’m delighted to be here to undertake our environmental DNA investigation of Loch Ness.
"It’s a place of extraordinary natural beauty.
"We’re delighted with the amount of interest the project has generated in the science and, monster or not, we are going to understand Loch Ness, and the life in it, in a new way." end
A scientific trawl of the waters of Loch Ness by researchers hoping to uncover the truth behind the myth of the famous monster has made a “surprising” finding.
Professor Neil Gemmell from the University of Otago in New Zealand, who led the study, said his team had managed to test most of the main theories about the Loch Ness monster.
The New Zealand team wanted to test the theories behind the myth of the Loch Ness Monster
While he declined to reveal exactly what they had found until the results have been fully analysed, he hinted the Nessie myth was likely to endure.
Prof Gemmell is preparing to announce the full results of his research almost a year after taking a series of water samples from the loch with the hope of capturing the monster’s DNA.
His team was using a new technique that can pick up traces left behind by passing animals in miniscule amounts of fur, skin, scales, faeces or urine. Having been extracted in the lab, the DNA has been sequenced and compared against known species, creating a near-definitive list of everything that lives in the loch for the first time.
The results of the study were supposed to be published in January, but cataloguing the extensive range of micro-organisms and bacteria has taken longer than expected.
The team has found around 15 different species of fish and up to 3,000 species of bacteria, some of which will have been deposited in Loch Ness by animals using connecting rivers.
Prof Gemmell said he hoped to announce the full findings of the study at a press conference in Scotland next month.
“Is there anything deeply mysterious? Hmm. It depends what you believe,” he said. “Is there anything startling? There are a few things that are a bit surprising.
“What we’ll have achieved is what we set out to do, which is document the biodiversity of Loch Ness in June 2018 in some level of detail.
“We’ve tested each one of the main monster hypotheses and three of them we can probably say aren’t right and one of them might be.”
Although Prof Gemmell would not confirm which hypothesis might be right, the two main theories about the monster is it is a long-necked plesiosaur that somehow survived the period when dinosaurs became extinct, or it is a sturgeon or giant catfish.
Prof Gemmell admitted that part of the reason for the delay in publishing the results was due to a series of failed attempts to film a television documentary end
Now I dealt with the Loch Ness Monster in Some Things Strange & Sinister and discussed a very publicised mid-1990s piece of video footage as well as looking at reports coming from the Loch. I had discussed the matter with Gary Campbell of the Loch Ness Monster Fan Club which did not, as the name suggests, carry out any investigations but simply took reports when made.
LOCH NESS, UK — The monster hunter isn’t quitting.
Do not believe the news reports that pinged around the world last month faster than the flick of a dragon’s tail.
Steve Feltham, full-time professional seeker of the Loch Ness Monster, holder of the Guinness World Record for longest continuous vigil for “Nessie,” has reached no conclusions about the cryptid that may or may not inhabit this freshwater lake in the Scottish Highlands.
He has not determined that Nessie is a giant catfish. He has not ended his search. He is not walking away from his dream.
“I’m not leaving Loch Ness,” Feltham, 52, says in a video filmed inside the van where he lives and posted to his website. “Never have intended to. Never will, until we solve this mystery.”
In 1991 Feltham sold his house, quit his job and left his girlfriend to search for the Loch Ness Monster.
He bought a 1970 Commer van formerly used as a mobile library and drove it north from Dorset, England to the Scottish Highlands.
On July 18, 1991, he looked out on the lake for the first time as a full-time monster hunter.
“This is it,” 28-year-old Feltham said, in a moment captured by the BBC’s “Video Diaries.” “I am home.” Then he let out a whoop of joy.
“July 18th. That’s when my biggest hunt starts. It’s gonna go on for years. And what it holds, I have no idea.
“Not the loch. I’ve got a vague idea of what the loch holds,” he says almost dismissively, as if that isn’t the point. The mystery is “what the hunt holds.”
And that’s perhaps the biggest secret: The monster hunter has already found what he was looking for.
Great loch
Surrounded by forested hills, often covered with a cloud of mist, Loch Ness is stunning.
At 23 miles long, a mile wide and 755 feet at the deepest point, it holds more water than all the lakes in England and Wales combined, Scotland’s tourist literature notes with a hint of satisfaction.
At the northern end the River Ness wriggles upward to the Beauly Firth, an inlet opening onto the North Sea.
It’s not Scotland’s biggest lake (loch means lake in Scottish Gaelic). By many accounts, it’s not the most picturesque.
But it is the only loch with worldwide recognition. The name instantly evokes its famous maybe-inhabitant: the Loch Ness Monster.
Since the peak of Nessie mania in the 1930s, there have been thousands of eyewitness sightings, many from sober, sincere people who describe remarkably similar things: a smooth back, a dark shape, a heavy-seeming object moving through the water.
About 200,000 people visit Loch Ness each year, many inspired (at least in part) by the Nessie legend.
There have been several serious searches for the animal — boat expeditions, sonar soundings. None have turned up anything conclusive. But nothing dissuades the believers, like Feltham, who look out on the lake’s placid waters and see a mystery to be solved.
The monster first surfaced in a seventh century account of the life of St. Columba, an Irish monk who impressed his followers by repelling a violent “water beast” with nothing more than the sign of the cross and some stern words.
The creature was mostly quiet until 1933, when the Spicers, a London couple driving around the lake’s newly completed road, claimed to see a long-necked "prehistoric animal” slithering across the highway into the lake. Dozens of similar sightings followed.
“Sir Godfrey Collins, Secretary of State for Scotland, authorized Inverness police to warn residents and visitors that the creature, if sighted, must not on any pretext be molested, shot or trapped,” The New York Times reported Dec. 9, 1933.
In 1934, a London doctor named Kenneth Wilson snapped a photograph of a mysterious shape rising from the lake’s still surface. The Daily Mail published the monster’s most famous portrait, a grainy image of what looks like a hump and a dinosaur-like neck.
Within days, a line of cars was snaking to Loch Ness. A legend was born.
Mad about the monster
Steve Feltham visited the lake for the first time as a 7-year-old on a family vacation in 1970. He was captivated.
"They sort of knew Loch Ness was the perfect babysitter,” Feltham told the Inverness Courier in 2011. “I’d be in a tent beside Loch Ness and they could go into Inverness to do some shopping, when they got back three hours later I’d still be there, staring at the water, not having moved.”
As an adult Feltham worked as a potter, then a bookbinder, then a graphic artist. He went into business with his father installing security alarms. He bought a house and got a steady girlfriend. He was miserable.
“The thing that got to me most while working in people’s homes was the number of retired folk who would say, ‘Oh, I wish I'd gone and lived in America when I was your age,’ or climbed Mount Everest, or whatever,” Feltham wrote in the Guardian.
“What would I regret not having done when I reached 70? It was obvious: I knew where I was at my happiest, and what I was most interested in. So I quit the relationship, and put the house on the market.”
He spent the early years roaming around the lake in the van, which has a potbelly stove and space to sleep but no running water or electricity. He used buckets of icy lake water for baths and refrigeration.
In the late 1990s the van broke down for good. He parked it on the shores of Dores, a village on the loch’s northeast bank, and has remained there ever since. The pub nearby gave him a key to their outdoor bathroom.
He has seen an unexplained object in the loch exactly once, sometime around 1992. It was a torpedo-like shape pushing through the water. Feltham made a mental note to take a photograph the next time he saw it. He never did.
“I never set a time limit, but I suppose I thought that within the first three years I would surely see and film something,” Feltham wrote.
“I now know that was a wee bit optimistic.”
To find a seeker
I want to find the Nessie Hunter. This is a bit of a quest in itself.
Emails to the address on his website, NessieHunter.co.uk, go unanswered. So do messages to his 1,400-plus member Facebook group.
I check with Ellie House, a reporter from the Inverness Courier, where Feltham is so well known to staff and readers that headlines refer to him by first name.
House doesn’t have Feltham’s phone number either. The best way to find him, she offers, is to simply show up at the van where he lives on northeastern beach next to the Dores Inn pub.
Some days later I am crossing the Firth of Forth in a rental car. I am driving to the Scottish Highlands to find a monster hunter who may or may not be home.
In my defense, it is not the strangest search ever undertaken at Loch Ness.
At Inverness, the Scottish Highlands’ biggest city, the road boomerangs south and forks toward the lake at a traffic circle crowned in the middle with a cheerful wooden statue of Nessie. Off a smaller road sits the Dores Inn, an attractive little lakeside pub with sweeping views of the loch.
The van is parked on the beach, just behind the dirt parking lot. It’s painted with a jolly, gently psychedelic aesthetic reminiscent of Scooby Doo’s Mystery Machine. A table of handmade Nessie models sits out for sale, next to a pair of signs reading “Nessie Hunter: Nessie-sery Independent Research.”
And there is the monster hunter, sitting under a canopy out front, rolling out tiny Nessies from Fimo clay that stains his fingers green.
In person, Feltham is more subdued than the zany character of his homemade videos. The last few weeks, he says, have been a mess.
In July, over lunch with a local journalist, he mentioned that he believes that the thing in the water was most likely a wels catfish, a theory put forth by fellow Nessie-phile Dick Raynor in the 1980s.
The reporter wrote up a few paragraphs for a local paper.
A national newspaper seized the story, Feltham says, adding the “completely made up” twist that he was giving up his search. A wire service picked that up, and within days, false reports of the world’s most dogged Nessie hunter’s retirement had zoomed around the globe.
Feltham is about as reasonable about the prospect of unexplained life in Loch Ness as a person certain there is unexplained life in Loch Ness can be. He does not expect a plesiosaur-like creature to suddenly rise from the water, though that certainly would be exciting.
It is more accurate to say that he’s searching for the truth — the reason for multiple strange sightings over the years — than for an animal that looks like the popular caricature of Nessie.
“There has been something living here that we haven’t identified,” he tells GlobalPost. “There’s definitely been something. There’s been a small population of something. I think that small population is nearly gone now. We’re looking for the last one or two.”
There are people who think the lake’s bottom contains a portal in time to prehistory. Others think it is holds a passage to Hollow Earth.
Feltham believes the explanation for the similar sightings over the years is rooted in physical science. He’s drawn to the pleasurably puzzling nature of one of Britain’s few uncharted places.
“The British Isles is this relatively small country. We know who owns every square inch of it. But in the British Isles we’ve got this very large body of water with some unknown animals in it,” he said, his hands busily shaping more clay mini-Nessies.
“I’m trying to solve this mystery.”
What mystery?
If you want to be a total buzzkill about it, the mystery is already solved. There is no Loch Ness monster.
On the other side of the lake from Feltham’s van is Drumnadrochit, the unofficial capital of Nessiephilia.
It’s home to Nessieland theme park, several boat cruises, and the Loch Ness Centre and Exhibition, where tour buses disgorge an international tide of passengers.
Inside the Gothic stone building, a multimedia tour narrated by Adrian Shine, pre-eminent expert and leader of the Loch Ness Project, debunks one Nessie theory after another.
The loch’s icy waters are unusually devoid of nutrients. There isn’t enough food to support the amount of fish a dinosaur-sized creature would need to feed. Sonar and video surveillance have found no monsters, either.
A lot of people have indeed seen things they genuinely could not explain. They’re not lying. They just probably didn’t see what they think they did.
The shapes people describe can all be created by common phenomena in the lake — seals, twigs, boat wakes.
Even the Spicers, the 1930s couple who saw the animal slither in front of their car, were probably misinterpreting the shimmering heat off the freshly laid asphalt.
A 1984 analysis of the famous “Surgeon’s Photograph” in the British Journal of Photography concluded that it was likely a fake.
Ten years later, an elderly man confessed to having helped his stepfather fake the photograph, using a toy submarine and a model of a monster’s head. (The stepfather was a grudge-bearing big-game hunter named Marmaduke Wetherell. We don’t have time to get into it here, but he is totally worth a Google.)
Other famous “photos” of the monster have been proved hoaxes as well, or found to have another explanation.
It has been clear for decades that there is no Loch Ness Monster.
But here’s the thing: nobody cares. The tour empties out into a giant gift shop selling Nessie T-shirts, dolls, pens, pencil cases, snow globes and storybooks. Tourists get back on their buses and drive away down the A82 where every hotel, café, gift shop and traffic sign seems decorated with Nessie’s serpent-like silhouette. The monster is almost always smiling.
The Highlands need Nessie. A dry spell of sightings in 2012 was broken when a local cruise operator named George Edwards produced a photo that appeared to be a leathery, arched back rising from the water.
The shape was a fiberglass shell he’d put there himself. When outed a year later, Edwards was unapologetic.
"How do you think Loch Ness would have fared over the years without that picture?” he said in news reports at the time. “I have no guilty feelings at all about what I have done."
Even if the 1934 photo wasn’t a hoax, it’s unlikely that any creature photographed then would still be alive more than 80 years later.
But there are too many people invested in the Nessie legend to ever let it die — both those who profit from it, and those who come to the lake for a beautiful view and a harmless bit of myth.
In the mid-1990s, a study estimated that the Nessie phenomenon had brought an estimated 40 million pounds to Scotland’s economy — about $94 million in today’s dollars, said Kate Turnbull, a spokeswoman for Scotland’s official visitor’s bureau.
“The mystery of the monster is our best tourist attraction and I would hate to see the mystery exploded, as it were,” Robert Wotherspoon, then mayor of Inverness, told The New York Times in 1960.
Then he said he’d personally witnessed the monster sunning itself.
Maybe all you need is Nessie
Feltham is well aware of the body of evidence in the no-Nessie camp. Still, to him, the mystery feels unsolved.
Finding Nessie — that is, conclusively proving the existence of a living creature responsible for the sightings along the lake — “would open up a lot for me,” Feltham said.
He envisions a career as sort of a global sleuth, traveling on to other spots with cryptozoological mysteries. Barring that, he would like to add a conclusive piece of evidence to the Nessie canon.
Critics sometimes needle him about his continued pursuit of an animal that probably doesn’t exist. They’re missing the point. Feltham found what he was looking for on July 18, 1991, the day he stepped out of his van, looked at the water and began a life lived on his own terms.
“I absolutely am in my utopia,” Feltham said. “I long ago broke it down: Constant adventure. Unpredictability. Chance of making a world class discovery. Having those three things in my life — yeah, I’m quite happy with my lot.”
Feltham’s life is a simple one. He chats with visitors and locals in the pub, and with online fans all over the world. He has a cat named Meow and a little piano in his van that he plays when it rains. He wakes up every morning to fresh lake air and a stunning view.
It’s not a bad gig.
“If Loch Ness was next to an industrial estate in England, I’d be interested, but I wouldn’t jack my life to go sit beside it,” he said.
People tell him his story gave them courage to emigrate to America, or to climb a mountain, he says. A guy wrote a book crediting the Nessie Hunter with inspiring his move to Vietnam.
It sounds like a self-lionizing anecdote. But then he goes into the van and emerges with a hard-backed copy of “Eating Viet Nam,” food blogger Graham Holliday’s memoir of Southeast Asia.
Chapter three is called “In Search of a Monster.” In it Holliday describes being a bored 23-year-old in Rugby, England, and coming across “Desperately Seeking Nessie,” the video diary of Feltham’s first year on the loch that aired in 1992 on the BBC.
He was taken with Feltham’s pursuit of his passion. The decision to move to Vietnam, he wrote, was the moment he’d “found my monster.”
So no, the monster hunter isn’t quitting.
“It doesn’t matter what your personal dream is,” Feltham said, as rain began to fall on the lake. “Do the thing you want to do. Just follow your dreams. I’m living proof that it doesn’t matter how specialist or whimsy-esque your dream is. If it works for you, if it fills your heart with joy, do it.” end
I have nothing but respect for the man who does not sit in some dim cottage or flat somewhere pontificating and cribbing from others work. He moved in situ and is dedicated -no dodgy video clips or photographs either.
So, Feltham and others feel it might be a cat-fish.
Possible.
Roy P. Mackal 1925-2013
Professor Roy P. Mackal carried out investigations and studies over many years and theorised that a "super eel" might be in the Loch. Even as a youngster I doubted the plesiosaur theory!
We would know what Neil Gemmell and his team's research had found by now but the delay, as we read (and only The Scotsman mentions this) was because he "admitted that part of the reason for the delay in publishing the results was due to a series of failed attempts to film a television documentary".
Which is NOT science. Yes, bit of TV coverage and TV money to cover a few things and that, of course, gets you established as "the expert of the moment". All the 'experts' had their day with the US TV frenzy of Monster Quest and many like it. And if we look at the negativity following
Could the findings point to that other suspect the sturgeon? We will have to wait and see because, asking around this morning, I was told by a newspaper reporter that Gemmell is still looking for some TV coverage to build up to the event. Rumours are rumours and let's not jump into the cryptozoologists camp and wildly theorise or declare what the results are while giving a good "get out of this" phrase or two (no one has seen the results let alone a bunch of discredited hoaxers and charlatans).
We need to smell the coffee. Sip the coffee. Take a deep breath and wait. I've seen seals on videos claimed to have been "the monster" and much more. My opinion -sturgeon or cat-fish. Boring I know. -------------------------------UPDATE------------------------------------------------------------------ As I suggested this has all been rather a mess. Today, 5th September, 2019, "the world's press" gathered to hear the ground-breaking results. There were none. Not really. despite what you might read it seems that Loch Ness was used as a sort of publicity gimmick as the team announce that they had achieved their goal by "making people think about environmental DNA and science". No doubt that was why there was a delay as they continued to look for a TV company to promote themselves. As Steve Feltham put it, rather dryly, when the findings that they found eel DNA "You might as well say you found fish in water. You found eel DNA? Well done". The fact that they found a lot of eel DNA does not really mean that much and just who said this was proof of a giant eel in the Loch is not clear. Yes, Roy Mackal and his team in the 1970s postulated that a giant eel species might be the actual creature sighted but these results only prove their are eels in Ness which everyone has known about for centuries. The BBC online news headline: Loch Ness Monster may be a giant eel, say scientists https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-49495145Prof Gemmell stated:
"We can't find any evidence of a creature that's remotely related to that in our environmental-DNA sequence data. So, sorry, I don't think the plesiosaur idea holds up based on the data that we have obtained."
He added: "So there's no shark DNA in Loch Ness based on our sampling. There is also no catfish DNA in Loch Ness based on our sampling. We can't find any evidence of sturgeon either,
"There is a very significant amount of eel DNA. Eels are very plentiful in Loch Ness, with eel DNA found at pretty much every location sampled - there are a lot of them. So - are they giant eels?
"Well, our data doesn't reveal their size, but the sheer quantity of the material says that we can't discount the possibility that there may be giant eels in Loch Ness. Therefore we can't discount the possibility that what people see and believe is the Loch Ness Monster might be a giant eel."
Which means at least the sturgeon can be ruled out -a popular explanation from many 'experts'. Which leaves us....where we were before this publicity shot started and that is theorising that a giant eel or eels are responsible.
20% of DNA unidentified does not mean a lot as that could be down to testing protocols.
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